What are terpenes – benefits

Terpenes are the aromatic oils found in plants that give them their unique smell and taste. The chemical compounds they release give fruits, vegetables, herbs and flowers their characteristic aromas. Their overall function is to promote plant health. For example, by attracting pollinators or protecting against pathogens and pests, but they also have biological properties that are thought to benefit human health.

Terpenes are also a major component of essential oils, which are the basis of aromatherapy. Although terpenes are increasingly relevant today, they have a history that spans all civilizations. Scientists have studied terpenes for centuries to understand their properties and discover ways to apply their aromas. They can be found in food and beverage flavorings and also in medicines and disinfectants, serving as natural cleaning agents. 

Regardless of their applications, terpenes are a fascinating topic that you may already appreciate.

History of terpenes

As mentioned earlier, although terpenes are in demand today, they have been around for a very long time. Historically, the uses of terpenes have been identified with the Egyptians, Babylonians, Romans, Greeks, Jews, and even the Chinese. What all these cultures have in common is the use of essential oils and terpene elements in medicine. Their use can be traced back to Ancient Egypt, where they were used as flavorings in religious ceremonies. Chemists of that era are also believed to have mixed terpenes into concoctions to create fragrances and also for feminine hygiene purposes.

There are also traces of terpenes in the 11th century, when the Arabs introduced camphor to Eastern Europe, mainly for the treatment of pain and illness. Its strong aromatic properties were also used for smoking during the era of the Black Death. Camphor was known to be mixed with rose water and sprinkled on the dead before they were buried. Later, in the 17th century, the German chemist Otto Wallach established the structure of many terpenes. The rich aromas of the various spices found in Indian food are due to terpenes. This proves that no matter what part of the world you are in, encountering terpenes is inevitable, whether they are in vegetables, fruits, herbs or spices.

What are the benefits of terpenes?

Different terpenes are known to provide different benefits to both the mind and body. Some may offer cleansing and cosmetic benefits, while others may relieve pain. Likewise, some may provide stress relief, while others may also improve appetite. Basically, think of terpenes as natural compounds that you may not have heard of but can boost your health.

Similar to how aromatherapy works, inhaling the scent of certain terpenes is known to enhance emotional well-being. For example, the floral aroma of the terpene linalool , found in lavender , has a calming effect that helps you sleep better. Similarly, another terpene, limonene , found in mint and citrus fruits (see also phototoxicity in essential oils ), can boost your mood.

Terpenes have a wide range of health benefits and have been studied for numerous medicinal uses. Terpenes are known to have been studied for their antiviral properties. Some terpenes are also believed to have shown potential in cancer and diabetes therapy. In addition to these benefits, terpenes are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and antidepressant properties.

Along with the mind, terpenes are known to have physical properties as well. But to what extent each effect is distinct depends on the specific type of terpene. In general, terpenes can have the following physical effects:

• Anti-inflammatory properties
• Antibacterial properties
• Pain relief
• Relief of muscle spasms
• Antifungal properties

A guide to common terpenes

Terpenes are simple hydrocarbons, while terpenoids are a modified class of terpenes with different functional groups and oxidized methyl groups moved or removed at different positions. Depending on their carbon units, terpenoids are divided into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesterpenes and triterpenes.

Most of the terpenoids with variations in their structure are biologically active and are known to be used worldwide to treat many diseases. Let's look at some of the key details about the most common terpenes, their aroma profiles, which oils are known to contain them, and the known benefits they provide.

Camphene

Carvone

Beta-Caryophyllene

1,8-Cineole

Citral

Eugenol

Geraniol

humulene

Limonene

Linalool

Linalyl acetate

menthol

Menthone

Pinene

terpinenes

*Antioxidant benefits listed in the table indicate that the terpene has demonstrated antioxidant activity in controlled laboratory studies.

Contraindications for essential oils

As with all products offered by MAKASA online store, the essential oils mentioned in this article are intended for external use only. Due to the highly concentrated nature of essential oils, they must be diluted with carrier oils before topical use. We recommend that you consult a healthcare professional before using any essential oil for therapeutic purposes, especially for pregnant women, nursing mothers, or people with a pre-existing medical condition.

Possible side effects of using essential oils include irritation or an allergic reaction when applied topically. To reduce the risk of an adverse reaction, a skin test should be performed before using the oil. The test can be performed by diluting 1 drop of essential oil with 4 drops of carrier oil and applying a small amount of the mixture to an area of ​​skin that is known to be non-sensitive.

In the event of an adverse reaction, discontinue use of the product and consult a medical professional for appropriate corrective action. Certain essential oils may pose an additional risk depending on individual health and medical history. To prevent side effects, it is best to consult a doctor before use.

Essential oils should not be used near the eyes, inside the nose, ears, or on areas of the skin known to be sensitive. They should always be kept out of the reach of children, especially those under 7 years of age.

Conclusion

Terpenes are the key aromatic compounds in essential oils and have a long history of use in aromatherapy and traditional medicine. Recognizing the main terpenes helps you make more informed choices about oils and blends. Always dilute essential oils in a carrier oil, do a skin test, and consult a professional if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a chronic condition. For more information on safe use, see How to Use Essential Oils Safely.

More interesting articles from the blog

• Blending essential oils - theory and practice
• Phototoxicity and safety of essential oils
• How to use essential oils safely
• Aromatherapy – uses and benefits
• 10 Unpopular Oils with Amazing Properties

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